Meningitis is a serious condition that can affect babies and young children. While it is rare, it can develop quickly, so recognising the symptoms early is important.
With increased awareness around meningitis in the UK, many parents are understandably looking for clear and reliable information. This guide explains the signs to look out for, what to do if you are concerned, and how vaccinations help protect children.
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria or viruses, with bacterial meningitis being the more serious form.
Babies and young children are at higher risk, which is why early recognition is so important.
Early symptoms of meningitis in babies and children
The early symptoms can be similar to common illnesses such as a cold or flu, which can make meningitis difficult to recognise at first.
Look out for:
➤ A high temperature (fever)
➤ Vomiting
➤ Cold hands and feet, limb pain
➤ Pale, mottled or blotchy skin
➤ Unusual drowsiness or difficulty waking
➤ Irritability or a high-pitched cry
➤ Refusing feeds
Symptoms can appear in any order and may get worse quickly.
More serious symptoms to act on immediately
As meningitis develops, more specific symptoms may appear. These require urgent medical attention.
➤ A stiff neck
➤ Sensitivity to light
➤ Confusion or unusual behaviour
➤ Seizures
➤ Difficulty breathing
➤ A rash that does not fade when pressed (glass test)
In babies, you may also notice:
➤ A bulging soft spot (fontanelle)
➤ Floppiness or unresponsiveness
What should you do if you are worried?
If you notice any of the symptoms above, or feel that something is not right, it is important to trust your instincts.
In the UK:
➤ Call NHS 111 for advice
➤ Call 999 or go to A&E if your child is seriously unwell
It is always better to seek medical advice early.
Meningitis vaccines in the UK
There are several different types of meningitis, including meningitis B and meningitis caused by groups A, C, W and Y. These are protected against by different vaccines within the NHS vaccination schedule.
MenB vaccine
The MenB vaccine protects against meningococcal group B bacteria and is part of the routine NHS schedule for babies.
It is offered at:
➤ 8 weeks
➤ 12 weeks
➤ 1 year
This is the vaccine most relevant when parents are asking about meningitis B.
MenACWY vaccine
The MenACWY vaccine protects against four types of meningitis: A, C, W and Y.
It is usually offered to:
➤ Teenagers (around school year 9)
➤ Young people, including university students
This vaccine does not protect against meningitis B.
Understanding MenB and older children
The MenB vaccine was introduced into the NHS schedule in 2015, meaning older children and teenagers may not have received it as part of their routine vaccinations.
While the MenACWY vaccine is offered to teenagers, it does not cover meningitis B.
Some families choose to explore the MenB vaccine privately for older children or teenagers, particularly before starting university, but this is not part of the routine NHS programme.
If you are unsure about your child’s vaccinations, it is always best to speak to your GP.
Supporting your child when they are unwell
When children are feeling unwell, keeping them comfortable and well rested is important.
A calm sleep environment, regular fluids and a consistent routine can help support recovery. Monitoring your child closely and responding to any changes is key.
Meningitis is a serious illness, but early recognition and quick action can make a significant difference. Knowing the symptoms can help you feel more confident in responding if you are concerned.
If you are ever unsure, it is always best to seek advice from a healthcare professional.
FAQs: Meningitis in babies and children
What are the first signs of meningitis in babies?
Early signs can include fever, vomiting, drowsiness, irritability and difficulty feeding. These symptoms can develop quickly and may worsen over time.
What does a meningitis rash look like?
A meningitis rash may appear as red or purple spots that do not fade when pressed with a glass. This is a serious symptom that requires urgent medical attention.
When should I seek help for meningitis symptoms?
Seek medical help immediately if your child has symptoms such as a high fever, unusual drowsiness, breathing difficulties or a rash that does not fade.
Does the meningitis vaccine cover all types?
No, different vaccines protect against different types of meningitis. The MenB vaccine protects against group B, while the MenACWY vaccine protects against groups A, C, W and Y.
